Sneezing, Itchy Eyes, Runny Nose? You Might Be Battling Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)
Are you one of the millions of Australians who dread certain times of the year, or even specific environments, because of that familiar itchy nose, constant sneezing, watery eyes, and blocked-up feeling? You’re not alone. What you're likely experiencing is allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever.
It's not actually caused by hay, nor does it cause a fever. It's an allergic reaction to tiny particles in the air that your immune system mistakes for invaders. And here in Australia, with our diverse flora and often dry, windy conditions, it can be a real nuisance!
What Exactly is Allergic Rhinitis?
Simply put, it's an inflammation of the inside of the nose, triggered by allergens. When you inhale something you're allergic to, your body releases histamine, leading to those classic, uncomfortable symptoms:
Sneezing (often in fits)
Runny or stuffy nose
Itchy nose, roof of mouth, throat, or eyes
Watery eyes
Fatigue (especially if symptoms disrupt sleep)
Common Australian Triggers
While globally, pollen is a major culprit, Australia has its own unique mix of allergens.
Pollen: Grasses are the biggest offenders, particularly during spring and summer across much of Australia. Tree pollen and weed pollen can also be significant. Different regions and seasons mean different pollen counts.
Dust Mites: These microscopic creatures thrive in humid environments and are common in bedding, carpets, and upholstered furniture year-round.
Pet Dander: Tiny flecks of skin, saliva, and urine from animals like cats and dogs can trigger reactions, even if you don't own a pet (it can travel on clothing).
Mould Spores: Common in damp areas, both indoors and outdoors, especially after rain or in humid conditions.
Managing Your Allergic Rhinitis: Practical Australian Advice
The good news is that there are many effective ways to manage your symptoms and get back to enjoying life outdoors (and indoors!).
Know Your Triggers:
Keep an eye on local pollen forecasts (many weather apps and websites provide this for Australian cities).
Notice when and where your symptoms are worst. Is it after gardening? Visiting a friend with pets? In your bedroom?
Minimise Exposure:
Stay indoors during peak pollen times (usually early morning and late afternoon/early evening) and on windy days, especially during spring/summer.
Keep windows and doors closed at home and in your car, using air conditioning with a good filter if possible.
Shower and change clothes after being outdoors to wash off pollen.
Wash bedding frequently in hot water to combat dust mites. Consider allergen-proof covers for mattresses and pillows.
Vacuum regularly with a HEPA filter vacuum cleaner.
If pet dander is a trigger, try to keep pets out of the bedroom and off furniture.
Address any mould issues in your home promptly.
Medication Options (Consult a Pharmacist or Doctor):
Antihistamines: Oral antihistamines (e.g., Loratadine, Cetirizine, Fexofenadine) can help relieve sneezing, itching, and runny nose. Newer generations are often non-drowsy.
Nasal Sprays:
Corticosteroid nasal sprays (e.g., Fluticasone, Mometasone) are very effective for reducing inflammation and can help with all symptoms, including congestion. They work best when used regularly.
Antihistamine nasal sprays provide faster relief for itching and sneezing.
Saline nasal rinses can help wash away allergens and mucus from the nasal passages.
Eye Drops: Specific allergy eye drops can help with itchy, watery eyes.
Consider Immunotherapy (Desensitisation):
For severe, persistent symptoms that don't respond to other treatments, your doctor might discuss allergen-specific immunotherapy. This involves gradually exposing you to increasing doses of your allergen to build tolerance.
When to See a Doctor
While many cases of allergic rhinitis can be managed with over-the-counter medications and avoidance strategies, it's a good idea to see your GP if:
Your symptoms are severe or significantly impacting your daily life, sleep, or work.
Over-the-counter medications aren't providing adequate relief.
You're experiencing recurrent sinus infections or other complications.
You want to explore long-term treatment options like immunotherapy.
You're unsure about your triggers
Find more information at the following:
Healthdirect: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hay-fever
Allergy and Anaphylaxis Australia: https://allergyfacts.org.au/__interest/allergic-rhinitis/
Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA): https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/allergic-rhinitis-hay-fever-and-sinusitis
National Asthma Council Australia: https://www.nationalasthma.org.au/living-with-asthma/resources/patients-carers/brochures/hay-fever-allergic-rhinitis-and-your-asthma
Suffering from Hay Fever?
If you are suffering from an exacerbation of your allergic rhinitis or symptoms of sinus congestion, consider whether medical leave is required to help you on your way to recovery.
